Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa igama elithi "plasma," bacabanga nge-plasma ekhanyayo edilika esibhakabhakeni esinamafu noma igesi ekhanyayo ngaphakathi kwezimpawu ze-neon, kodwa onjiniyela nososayensi babona okuthile okubaluleke kakhulu. I-plasma iyisimo sesine sendaba, igesi enamandla kakhulu eyenziwe ngama-ion, ama-electron, nezinhlayiya ezisebenzayo ezingaguqula izindawo ezijwayelekile ngezindlela ezingavamile. Emashumini eminyaka amathathu adlule, ubuchwepheshe be-plasma busukile emelabhorethri yocwaningo baya endaweni yefektri, lapho manje busebenza khona ekuhlanzeni izindawo, ekufakeni izembozo, ekuqoshweni, ekubulaleni amagciwane, nakwezinye izinqubo eziningi zezimboni. Abakhiqizi emhlabeni wonke bathola ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-plasma kuyashesha, kuhlanzekile, futhi kunembe kakhulu kunezindlela zendabuko zamakhemikhali nezemishini. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi iyini ubuchwepheshe be-plasma, busebenza kanjani, buletha inani elikhulu kuphi, nokuthi kungani i-Guangdong Inkue Technology Co., Ltd. isiphenduke umhlinzeki ohamba phambili wezixazululo ze-plasma zezimboni. Ekugcineni, uzokuqonda kahle ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe obumangalisayo bungathuthukisa kanjani imikhiqizo yakho, kunciphise izindleko zakho, futhi kuqinise isikhundla sakho sokuncintisana.

Ubuchwepheshe be-plasma bakhelwe phezu komqondo olula kodwa ojulile wesayensi: uma ungeza amandla anele kugesi, ama-athomu awo ahlukana abe izinhlayiya ezishajwe ugesi, kudala isimo sento esiziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kwezinto eziqinile, uketshezi, namagesi ajwayelekile. Umbani we-plasma ofanayo okhanyisa isibhakabhaka ngesikhathi sezulu esinokuduma uyisibonelo esimangalisayo sale nqubo, futhi izazi zezinkanyezi zifunda izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu ezifana ne-quark gluon plasma eyayikhona ngemizuzwana nje ngemva kokuqhuma okukhulu (Big Bang). Embonini, onjiniyela bakha i-plasma ngaphakathi kwamagumbi alawulwayo noma emlonyeni wamathuluzi aphathwa ngesandla, besebenzisa amandla kagesi, amandla e-radio frequency, noma ama-microwave ukuze benze amagesi afana nomoya, i-argon, i-nitrogen, nomoya-mpilo abe ama-ion. Lezi zinhlayiya ezinamandla zithwala amandla amakhemikhali angakwazi ukuphula izibopho zamamolekyuli, akhiphe ukungcola, futhi avuselele izindawo ezingaphezulu ezingeni elincane kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemishini esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni: izinhlelo ze-plasma ezinomfutho ophansi ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwamagumbi e-vacuum, nezinhlelo ze-plasma ezinomfutho womkhathi ezilapha izindawo ezingaphezulu ngqo emoyeni ovulekile. Ukucushwa ngakunye kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile, futhi ukukhetha okufanele kuncike ezintweni zakho, inani lokukhiqiza, nezidingo zekhwalithi. Ukuqonda lezi zisekelo yisinyathelo sokuqala ekukhetheni uzakwethu we-plasma ongaklama inqubo ekahle yohlelo lwakho.

Ubuchwepheshe be-plasma sebuphenduke into engenakugwenywa emikhakheni esukela ekukhiqizeni izimoto kuya ekukhiqizweni kwemishini yezokwelapha ngoba buxazulula izinkinga izindlela ezijwayelekile ezingakwazi ukuzibhekana kalula. Enye yezindlela ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu ukuhlanza nokwenza ukuthi indawo isebenze, lapho i-plasma isusa ukungcola okuncane okuphilayo futhi yengeza amaqembu amakhemikhali asebenzayo athuthukisa kakhulu ukunamathela. Embonini ye-semiconductor, ukusikwa kwe-plasma nokufakwa kwezingqimba ezincane yizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekwenzeni ama-microchips asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe banamuhla. Izinqubo ze-plasma nazo zithuthukisa ukupenda, ukunamathela, ukuphrinta, nokuvala kupulasitiki, izinsimbi, ingilazi, nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, yingakho izimboni eziningi manje zelapha izingxenye ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa. Izinkampani zezokwelapha neze-biotech zithembela ku-plasma ukuze zibulale amagciwane, ngoba le nqubo ibulala amabhaktheriya namagciwane ngaphandle kokushisa noma amakhemikhali anamandla. Onjiniyela bezemvelo basebenzisa ngisho ne-plasma ukwelapha amagesi angcolile, ukwehlukanisa izinto ezingcolisayo, nokusekela izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza. Ukusebenza ngezindlela eziningi kobuchwepheshe be-plasma kuchaza ukuthi kungani bumukelwa ngokushesha ezimbonini eziningi ezinzima kangaka.

Ngaphambi kokuba ingxenye ipendwe, inamatheliswe, iphrintwe, noma ivalwe, indawo yayo yaphezulu kumele ihlanzeke futhi yamukele amakhemikhali, futhi i-plasma iletha kokubili lokhu ngesinyathelo esisodwa esisheshayo. Ukuhlanza kwendabuko kuncike kuma-solvents, izinto zokuhlanza, nomsebenzi wezandla okunensa, kubiza, futhi kuyingozi kubasebenzi nasemvelweni. Ukuhlanza nge-plasma kunalokho kusebenzisa i-oxygen ne-nitrogen ezisebenzayo ukushisa izinto eziphilayo ezingaphezulu kuyilapho kwengeza amaqembu asebenzayo enza izindawo zibe lula ukumanziswa nokunamathela. Ukwelashwa kunembile kangangokuthi kungalungisa amapholima abucayi, izinto zokufakelwa ezokwelapha, nezingxenye zikagesi ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo wemishini. Amazinga okusebenza ahlala ezinzile amahora amaningi, enikeza abakhiqizi ithuba elanele phakathi kokwelashwa nesinyathelo esilandelayo. Yingakho izinkampani ezimbonini zezimoto, zokupakisha, nezikagesi zithatha indawo yemigqa yamakhemikhali emanzi ngobuchwepheshe be-plasma. Umphumela yizimboni ezihlanzekile, izindleko eziphansi, nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engcono ngokuphawulekayo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-plasma nabo budlala indima enkulu ekwenzeni izembatho nasekudwebeni amaphethini, lapho ukunemba ezingeni elincane kakhulu kunquma ukuthi umkhiqizo usebenza nhlobo. Ekwakheni izendlalelo ezincanyana, i-plasma ihlukanisa amagesi angaphambi kokwakha abe izingcezu ezisebenzayo ezakha izendlalelo ezifanayo zezinto ezifana ne-silicon nitride, i-silicon dioxide, nama-metal oxide phezu kwezinto eziyisisekelo. Umkhakha we-semiconductor uncike ku-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition kanye ne-plasma etching ukuze kwakhiwe amasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwe-chip yonke yesimanje. Amasu athuthukile afana ne-inductively coupled plasma etching akhiqiza izici ezinhle kakhulu, ezinobude obuphezulu ezidingekayo kwezobuchwepheshe bezizukulwane ezilandelayo. Lawa mandla okufaka izembatho asetshenziselwa ukufaka izendlalelo ezivikela ukuklwebheka, ezivikela ukukhanya, kanye nezingqimba eziyisithiyo kumalensi, izikrini, nokupakishwa kokudla. Ngenxa yokuthi ukufaka izembatho nge-plasma kulawulwa ngogesi, kunikeza ukufana okukhethekile kumaqoqo amakhulu nasezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kokukhiqiza, lokhu kuhumusha ekunciphiseni kokulahlwa kanye nokusebenza okungaguquki.

Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe be-plasma buguqulela ezokwelapha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ngokuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha. Ukubulala amagciwane nge-plasma kuyashesha kunokufaka emshinini we-autoclave futhi akulimazi izinsimbi ezizwela ukushisa, amacatheter, noma izinto ezifakelwa emzimbeni, okwenza kuthandwe kakhulu ezibhedlela nasezimbonini ezikhiqiza izinto zokwelapha. Abacwaningi baphinde bahlola i-cold atmospheric plasma ekwelapheni amanxeba, ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo, nokwelapha umdlavuza, ngoba izinhlayiya zayo ezisebenzayo zingabulala amagciwane kuyilapho ziyeke izicubu eziphilile zingalimali. Emkhakheni wezemvelo, izinhlelo ze-plasma zihlukanisa ama-volatile organic compounds, zisusa iphunga elibi, futhi zihlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini ngaphandle kokwengeza amakhemikhali. Lezi zinhlelo zihambisana ngokuphelele nemigomo yomhlaba wonke yokusimama ngoba ukucubungula nge-plasma kususa imfucumfucu yamakhemikhali futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Njengoba imithetho iya iqina mayelana nokukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, i-plasma inikeza indlela efakazelwe yokuthobela imithetho nokusebenza okuhlanzekile. Ubuchwepheshe obufanayo obuqopha ama-silicon wafers bungabulala amagciwane ethuluzi lokuhlinza noma buhlanze umoya ophumayo efektri, okukhombisa ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo kobunjiniyela.

Abakhiqizi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-plasma ngoba buletha inhlanganisela yezinzuzo okungekho nqubo eyodwa evamile engayifanisa, kuqale ngokuhambisana nemvelo kwangempela. Ukwelashwa nge-plasma kuyinqubo eyomile, engena-solvent, eqeda imfucumfucu eyingozi yamakhemikhali, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, futhi yehlisa ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi ezintweni ezinobuthi. Futhi inembile ngokwedlulele futhi iyafana, iphatha wonke amamilimitha-skwele we-geometry eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela efanayo, okungenzeki ukuthi kufinyelelwe ngokukhuhla noma ukufafaza ngesandla. I-Plasma isebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezimangalisayo, kuhlanganise namapulasitiki, izinsimbi, ingilazi, ama-ceramics, izindwangu, nama-composites, ngakho uhlelo olulodwa lungasebenzela imigqa eminingi yokukhiqiza. Inqubo iyonga amandla futhi iyashesha, nezikhathi zokwelashwa ezilinganiswa ngemizuzwana, okwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza kuyilapho kukhuphuka umthamo wokukhiqiza. Ukunamathela okungcono okuvela ekusebenziseni i-plasma kusho ukubopha okuqinile, upende ohlala isikhathi eside, kanye nesivuno esiphezulu, konke okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina amakhasimende ayibonayo. Zonke ndawonye, lezi zinzuzo zichaza ukuthi kungani ubuchwepheshe be-plasma buhlale buletha imbuyiselo eqinile ekutshalweni kwezimali.

I-Guangdong Inkue Technology Co., Ltd. yakhe idumela layo ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obujulile bezobunjiniyela nokuzibophezela kwangempela ekuxazululeni izinkinga zokwelashwa kwendawo yamakhasimende. Ithimba lenkampani liletha ulwazi lweminyaka eminingi ku-plasma physics, mechanical design, kanye ne-process engineering, futhi umnyango wayo ozinikele we-R&D uqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezintsha kanye namalungelo obunikazi. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo ye-Inkue luhlanganisa izinhlelo ze-atmospheric pressure plasma zokukhiqiza ngomugqa, imishini ye-vacuum plasma yokucubungula ngamaqoqo nokuqhubekayo, kanye nezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokuphelele ezakhelwe izingxenye nezinto zakho ezithile. Lonke uhlelo luklanyelwe ukuthembeka kwezimboni, ngezingxenye eziqinile, izilawuli eziqondakalayo, nokunakekelwa okulula okugcina ukukhiqiza kuqhubeka ubusuku nemini. Inkampani ilandela izinqubo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi futhi inezitifiketi ezihlangabezana namazinga amazwe ngamazwe, okunikeza amakhasimende ukuzethemba okuphelele ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni kwemishini. Kusukela ekuboniswaneni kokuqala kuya ekufakweni, ekuqeqesheni, nasekusekelweni kwesikhathi eside, ithimba le-Inkue lisebenza nawe ukuze lithuthukise inqubo yakho. Ukuze ubone ububanzi obugcwele bamandla enkampani, ungabukaIkhaya ikhasi noma uhlole i-Mayelana Nathi isigaba ukuze uthole imininingwane eminingi ngomlando wawo namandla obunjiniyela.

Ukukhetha umhlinzeki ofanele wemishini ye-plasma yisinqumo esibalulekile, futhi i-Inkue igqama emakethe eminyene ngezizathu ezithile eziphathekayo. Okokuqala, inkampani inamalungelo obunikazi obungokomthetho futhi iqhubeka ithuthukisa imithombo yayo ye-plasma, amandla kagesi, kanye nesofthiwe yokulawula, ukuze amakhasimende azuze ngobuchwepheshe obukude ngempela. Okwesibili, i-Inkue ayithengisi imishini eyodwa-efana-kubo; kunalokho, yakha izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo ezihambisana nezinto zekhasimende ngalinye, inani lokukhiqiza, kanye nezinhloso zekhwalithi, okukhulisa inani lalo lonke utshalomali. Okwesithathu, inkampani inikezela ngamanani ancintisanayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa izingxenye, ubunjiniyela, noma ukuhlolwa, ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuphezulu ngezindleko ezifanele zobunikazi. Okwesine, ukulethwa okusheshayo nokusekelwa okusabelayo kwendawo kusho ukuthi umugqa wakho wokukhiqiza ungakwazi ukuqala ukukhiqiza masinyane futhi uhlale usebenza isikhathi eside uma kuba nezinkinga. Okokugcina, umlando oqinisekisiwe wokusebenza namakhasimende omhlaba wonke ezimbonini zezimoto, ze-elekthroniksi, zokupakisha, nezokwelapha ukhombisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-Inkue zisebenza ngokuthembekile ezimweni ezinzima zomhlaba wangempela. Amakhasimende angalandela intuthuko yakamuva yemikhiqizo, izindaba zempumelelo, kanye nezimemezelo zenkampani ku-Izindaba ikhasi, futhi ufunde kabanzi ngamandla okukhiqiza nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ngokusebenzisa i-Ikhasi Elisha kanye ne-Ikhasi Elisha 1 izinsiza. Nge-Inkue, uthola okungaphezu komthengisi wemishini: uthola uzakwethu wobunjiniyela ozibophezele empumelelweni yakho.

Akukho lutho olukhombisa ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe be-plasma ngendlela eqinisekisayo njengemiphumela yangempela yokukhiqiza, futhi i-Inkue isize amakhasimende ezimbonini eziningi ukuthi athole ukuthuthuka okulinganisekayo. Emkhakheni wezimoto, omunye umkhiqizi wayebhekene nenkinga yokuxebuka kwepende kuma-bumper epulasitiki nasezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, futhi umsuka wenkinga kwakuwumkhondo ongabonakali we-mold-release residue osele ezingxenyeni. Ngokufaka uhlelo lwe-atmospheric pressure plasma ngqo emgqeni wokupenda, inkampani yaqeda isinyathelo sokuhlanza nge-solvent futhi yazuza ukwehla okukhulu kokwehluleka kokunamathela, kuyilapho futhi inciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOC. Kwezobuchwepheshe, umhlanganisi we-PCB kwadingeka asuse i-flux residue futhi athuthukise ukunamathela ngaphambi kwe-conformal coating, futhi ukuhlanza nge-plasma kwaxazulula zombili izinkinga ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye ezibuthakathaka. Embonini yokupakisha, umguquli owayephrinta kufilimu yepulasitiki wabona ukunamathela kukayinki nokuthuthuka kwekhwalithi yokuphrinta kuthuthuke kakhulu ngemva kokufaka umshini omncane we-plasma treater ngaphambi komshini wokuphrinta. Kuleso naleso simo, umqondo ofanayo wawufana: indawo ehlanzekile, evuliwe yenza ukuthi zonke izinqubo ezilandelayo zisebenze kangcono. Lezi zibonelo zikhombisa ukuthi kungani ubuchwepheshe be-plasma sebuphenduke umkhuba ojwayelekile ezimbonini zomhlaba wonke. Isicelo sakho singase sihluke, kodwa i-physics eyisisekelo nezinzuzo ziyasebenza ngokulinganayo.

Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe be-plasma likhanya, futhi izinto ezimbalwa ezijabulisayo ezizayo zizokwenza kube yigugu nakakhulu kubakhiqizi eminyakeni ezayo. Umkhombandlela omkhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-plasma ne-Industry 4.0 kanye ne-Internet of Things, lapho izinzwa ezihlakaniphile ziqapha imingcele ye-plasma ngesikhathi sangempela futhi zizilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze zigcine ikhwalithi yenqubo ephelele. Okunye okuthrendayo ukuqhubeka kokuthuthukiswa kwe-plasma yomfutho womoya wokucubungula okulandelanayo, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baphathe amawindi aqhubekayo, izingxenye ezinyakazayo, nezindawo ezinkulu ngesivinini sokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwamagumbi omfutho. Ukukhiqiza okuluhlaza nakho kuqhubekisela i-plasma phambili, ngoba i-plasma ithatha indawo yamakhemikhali amanzi ngezinqubo ezomile, ezonga amandla ezisekela izinhloso zokusimama kwezinkampani kanye nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo. Ezingeni lesayensi eyisisekelo, izazi zefiziksi ziyaqhubeka nokufunda izimo ezingavamile njenge-quark gluon plasma ukuze zithole ulwazi olusha, futhi olunye lwalolo cwaningo ekugcineni lufinyelela emathuluzini ezimboni asebenzayo. Intuthuko ku-power electronics, imithombo ye-plasma, nokulawulwa kwenqubo kwenza amasistimu abe mancane, abe shibhile, futhi abe lula ukuwasebenzisa minyaka yonke. Ezinkampanini ezibheka phambili, ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-plasma manje kuyindlela yokuvikela imigqa yazo yokukhiqiza esikhathini esizayo. I-Inkue isivele ithuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo semishini ye-plasma exhumekile, eyonga amandla ukuze igcine amakhasimende ayo ngaphambi kwalezi zinto ezithrendayo.